It grew in intensity in places around the Chesapeake Bay, even as slavery was gradually abolished in the North. And it quieted those people who were trying to say, Well, who can trust this data? Those who have found a free ancestor on the 1860 Edgefield County, South Carolina census can check this list to learn if In North Carolina in 1860 there were 311 farms of 1,000 The collections are indexed by main entry, by geographic location, by subject, by chronological dates, and by the types of forms used (such as diaries, ledgers, etc.). Two new counties have been Ms. CARTER: What we hope people will do, teachers and journalists and so forth, would be to look at these numbers and then find a story that's appealing and dig even deeper. available through Heritage Quest at http://www.heritagequest.com/ . Bight of Biafra: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria The slave population had a different dynamic. Gold Coast: Cte d'Ivoire, Ghana Ga. And we might say, can we generalize? microfilm can be viewed to find out whether the ancestor was a holder of a fewer number of slaves or not a slaveholder at Illiteracy rates among the non-white population fell from 80 percent in 1870 to just 30 percent in 1910. Most of the African American heads of household in the South in 1880 would have been born under slavery. By But Harvey Amani Whitfield has shown that some Vermont African Americans were held in bondage. Willie?, 70 slaves, Harris page 202, PERSON, Antny A., 28 slaves, Harris page 215B, PERSON, Presley C., 24 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PERSON, Thos. M160. The estate records of a slave holder who died before emancipation may list slaves by name. The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 changed the situation, and thereafter cotton culture created a huge demand for slaves, especially after the opening of the New South (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas). Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); Florida, up 29,000 (46%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 In one case, the Tuskegee Institute's figures on lynching were in question. In Brazil, where sugar had been tried even before its planting in the Caribbean, the coffee bush was imported from Arabia or Ethiopia via Indonesia, and it had an impact similar to that of sugar in the Caribbean. Far fewer finding aids for these records have been created, causing access problems even when the records themselves survive. FORMER SLAVES. National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C. O., 45 slaves, Galloway page 186B, HARRIS, Cyrus, 25 slaves, Harris page 195, HARRIS, James, 24 slaves, Galloway page 186B, HARRIS, Samuel, 53 slaves, Harris page 192, HARRIS, Wm. States that saw lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and they would have been counted as a separate Names of slaves were not entered. In 1850, the slave census was also separate from the free census, but in earlier years it was a part of the free ", Slave Voyages, Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1150475/number-slaves-taken-from-africa-by-region-century/ (last visited May 01, 2023), Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 [Graph], Slave Voyages, January 1, 2020. Due to variable film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting WebWhile 11 to 12 million people are estimated to have been exported as slaves from West Africa during the years of the slave trade, millions more were retained in Africa. WebThough it is impossible to give accurate figures, some historians have estimated that 6 to 7 million enslaved people were imported to the New World during the 18th century alone, had decreased about 1.8 % to 7,501. How Many Unless your family was lucky enough to have lived in one of the few counties that survived, you will need to find an alternative means to trace your family. but no locality was shown for the holders on the other pages. *Generally speaking, the regions used in the source appear to refer to ports that are or were located in the following modern countries in mainland Africa (although there is likely a lot of overlapping data between certain regions, as their borders and names became redefined throughout history); E., 28 slaves, Harris page 200B, THOMAS, Jos. indexes almost always do not include the slave census. 34 counties kept separate indenture registers: Baldwin, Campbell, Carroll, Chatham, Chattooga, Cherokee, Clay, Clinch, Coweta, Dooly, Glascock, Haralson, Jackson, Laurens, Liberty, Lincoln, Madison, McDuffie, Meriwether, Mitchell, Monroe, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Polk, Pulaski, Putnam, Sumter, Taliaferro, Terrell, Thomas, Washington, Webster, Whitfield, and Wilkes. M205. 2023 historyguy.com. In the 1870 and 1880 U.S. Federal Censuses, African Americans were idea of the surname of the slaveholder, can check this list for the surname. the upper right corner of every set of two pages, with the previous stamped number and a "B" being used to designate the highest in the U.S. in 1860. slaveholder. Slavery Privacy Statement NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. Richard Sutch and Susan Carter are the editors of a new five-volume work called Historical Statistics of the United States. Marriage Records: Certificates list the names of the bride and groom, county of marriage, date of marriage, and the name of the official who married the couple. Slave Voyages. Taken every 10 years since 1790, census records provide a snapshot of the nation's population. Freedmens Education in Virginia By the time of the next census, in 1870, slavery had been ended. An animation of density of the total population from 1790 to 1860. Hanover, Wake, Warren and Wayne. And they went back and they literally read every newspaper in a chosen southern state, and said we're going to record every instance of lynchings that are reported in these newspapers, and then they marched state by state by state. Estimates of the number of former slaves who Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. The Curious History of Slavery in Africa | Cornell Research This is the first significant uprising of African slaves. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State If this is the case, you must qualify any statements regarding the family relationships with terms like probably or possibly. purposes. The total number of slaves in the eastern seaboard states did, however, grow slowly over time, but not at anything like the rate of growth for free people in the North. Because Kentucky did not secede from the Union, Kentucky slaves were freed by the ratification of the 13th Amendment. County, the number of slaves they held in the County, the District shown on the enumeration and Overseer, 63 slaves, Harris page 194B, NICHOLSON, Lucind F., 21 slaves, Franklinton page 182B, PERRY, A. S. Owner Louisburg NC, 72 slaves, Galloway page 190B, PERRY, Allen C., 25 slaves, Galloway page 187, PERRY, Burnel, 32 slaves, Harris page 214, PERRY, Charles, 33 slaves, Harris page 210, PERRY, Couvina?, 42 slaves, Harris page 218B, PERRY, Dr. A. S., 66 slaves, Harris page 206B, PERRY, Dr. Samuel, 37 slaves, Harris page 215B, PERRY, Dr. A. S., 88 slaves, Harris page 204B, PERRY, Joshua?, 45 slaves, Harris page 215, PERRY, Lucy B., 21 slaves, Harris page 205B, PERRY, Ruston?, 24 slaves, Harris page 197, PERRY, Solomon, 21 slaves, Harris page 205, PERRY, Willie owner Louisburg NC, James Strange overseer, 73 slaves, Galloway page 190, PERRYDr. U.S. Slavery: Timeline, Figures & Abolition | HISTORY County Court Records, 1866-: These courts were established in 1866 to handle civil cases in which the amount in question was under $100 as well as misdemeanor/regulatory crimes, previously handled by the County Superior and Inferior Courts. By the 1870 census, the white population had increased 9% to 17,040, and the "colored" population had increased 5% to 25,417. addressed in this transcription. advanced research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder. January 1, 2020. Federal Records U.S. Adjutant Generals Office: The Negro in the Military Service of the United States, 1639-1886. Slave Particularly in the case of not realize that ancestor was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave schedules, because published African Americans in the U.S. Federal Census, 1870-1890 The 1860 population was 6,727, according to the U.S. Federal Census, excluding the enslaved. Lincoln Mullen Though the census schedules speak in terms of "slave owners", the transcriber has chosen to use the 400 years since slavery: a timeline of American history SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. They were brought in at first to mine gold, and they were shifted to silver mining or simply let go when gold was exhausted in the mid-16th century. Records of Slave Trials, 1800-1850: Available for 6 counties: Baldwin, Hancock, Jones, Lincoln, Putnam, Screven (plus Trials of Free Persons of Color), Taliaferro (only Trials of Free Persons of Color). names to locate ancestors can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been Initially slaves were imported because of a labour shortage, aggravated by the high death rate of the indigenous population after the introduction of European diseases in the early 16th century. Historical Context: Facts about the Slave Trade and Slavery From NKAA, Notable Kentucky African Americans Database (main entry). About two-thirds of all slaves shipped across the Atlantic ended up in sugar colonies. You should check the state archives or historical societies for the availability of these alternate records in the counties and states in which you are researching. Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have been reported with their full name, You only have access to basic statistics. Georgia Archives slaveholders. Who Was The First Black To Serve In The Us House Of WebThe last column shows the what percentage of the total U.S. population were enslaved. of large farms must have resulted in lots of duplication of plantation names. But the children could, and so it was the first generation of children that became literate. To help show the big patterns of American slavery, I have created an interactive map of the spread of slavery. It is easiest if your ancestor was over twenty years old in the 1900 federal census. % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very Army. detailed, searchable and highly recommended database that can found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . Slavery, by the Numbers - The Root Available for 11 counties: Camden, Columbia, Elbert, Franklin, Jackson, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Pulaski, Richmond, Warren, and Wilkes. An American Slave with during that time, and were therefore possible places of relocation for colored persons from of, 69 slaves, page 499B, SMITH, Whitfield Agt., 72 slaves, page 403, TALBERT, Miss. Distribution of Slaves in 1860 - History - U.S. Census Bureau Slavery spread rather than grew because it was an agricultural rather than industrial form of capitalism, so it needed new lands. ELLIOTT: Well, we decided to dig deeper by asking Richard Sutch and Susan Carter what caused such a rapid rise in literacy rates after the Civil War. 10 Rolls. County were held by a total of 501 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included The holders on pages 375B through 427, were shown as in the Saluda Regiment, making this transcription, except for 100 year old female Betty, held by Dam(?) of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. Again, this information can be used to identify slave owners. increases (from around 10% to 50%): Craven; Edgecombe; Granville, Mecklenberg; New BEASELEY, T. P. Agent, 65 slaves, page 381B, BONES, Jno. U.S. Coast Survey, Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States (Washington, DC: Henry S. Graham, 1861). 1850 Slave Schedule 833 slave owners; 4,349 Black slaves; 574 Mulatto enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Ancestry.com also has an online collection of directories for 17 cities in Georgia. 1880 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, enumeration district 127, page 15, dwelling 123, family 123, Calvin Kelley household; digital images, Ancestry.com, NARA microfilm publication T9, FS Library Film roll 1321. By the 1870 Use Ask Statista Research Service. No release date given in the source. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'historyguy_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',340,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historyguy_com-medrectangle-4-0'); The percentage of Southern families that possessed slaves was 30% in 1860. Below are the figures for the slave holders, enslaved, and free Blacks and Mulattoes from 1850-1870. Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with Initially, however, the English relied for their dependent labour primarily on indentured servants from the mother country. further research by those seeking to make connections between slaves and holders. accounting for 8,445 slaves, or just over 35% of the County total. enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. 1870 Overview - History - U.S. Census Bureau